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Bubbles Background - Sam

Moleaer Nanobubbles:
Tiny Bubbles, Big Impact

What are nanobubbles and how do they work? Explore the science of nanobubbles, their physical properties, and the behaviors that enable reliable performance in real-world systems.

About Nanobubbles

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What Are Nanobubbles?

Nanobubbles are gas bubbles less than 200 nanometers in diameter, approximately 2,500 times smaller than a grain of salt. At this scale, they behave differently than conventional bubbles, exhibiting unique physical properties that allow them to remain stable in water and deliver gas with exceptional efficiency.

While nanobubbles naturally form in environments like crashing waves and waterfalls, Moleaer has developed technology to generate them reliably in real-world applications.

How Nanobubbles are Generated

What is Nanobubble Technology?

Nanobubble technology enables oxygen or other gases to be delivered and maintained in liquids differently than conventional aeration methods. Moleaer developed specialized solutions that efficiently dissolve gas at the nanoscale, producing bubbles that remain stable in liquid rather than rapidly rising to the surface.

When applied with process expertise, the unique behavior of nanobubbles accelerate key physical, chemical, and biological processes, improving performance across a wide range of water and industrial applications.

Neo Close Up

Nanobubbles Defy Buoyancy Through Brownian Motion

Nanobubbles behave differently than conventional bubbles because of their size. While larger bubbles rise quickly due to buoyancy, nanobubbles remain suspended in liquid for extended periods. At the nanoscale, Brownian motion is stronger than buoyancy, allowing nanobubbles to stay suspended and deliver oxygen (or other gases) precisely where it’s needed.

Large Bubbles

LARGER BUBBLES

Larger bubbles rise to
the surface and burst.

Nanobubbles

NANOBUBBLES

Nanobubbles are stable, neutrally buoyant,
remain suspended and disperse in water.

Nanobubble Science

What Makes Nanobubbles
So Unique?

The defining size and properties of nanobubbles influence how gases are dissolved, distributed, and maintained in liquid systems. These behaviors accelerate physical, chemical, and biological processes, making them an innovative solution for improving water treatment and performance across other industrial applications.

Click through to explore the properties and behaviors that distinguish nanobubbles from conventional bubbles.
Left
Hydrophobic
Nanobubbles repel water and adhere to hydrophobic surfaces, helping to improve cleaning and separation processes.
Charged Surface
Their surface carries a negative charge, which prevents them from clumping together while helping them latch onto contaminants.
High Internal Pressure
Due to their size, they have high internal pressure which helps nanobubbles stay stable in a variety of environments. This pressure allows them to maintain their structure, even in challenging conditions.
Hard Surface
Their rigid surfaces make them surprisingly durable, offering more resilience than ordinary bubbles. This hardiness helps in the removal of contaminants as nanobubbles bump into each other, like billiard balls, dislodging and sweeping away particles in the process.
High Gas Transfer Efficiency
Their nanosize and large surface area allow gases like oxygen to dissolve into liquids far more effectively.
Large Surface Area
They have an incredibly large surface area relative to their volume. This enables nanobubbles to catalyze key physical, chemical and biological processes, enhancing reactions and interactions with their environment.
Right
Neutrally Buoyant
They stay suspended and evenly distributed throughout the liquid. This allows for a large surface area to remain in contact with the water, enabling hyper-efficient gas transfer.
Right
Stable & Long Lasting
They can persist in water for days, even months, without breaking down.
Right
Particle-Like
Nanobubbles are hardy, robust, and stable – they can survive extreme environmental conditions, just like particles.
Right
Biochemically Active
Nanobubbles accelerate physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in diverse environments.
Right
Reduces Surface Tension
They lower the surface tension of liquids, enhancing processes like cleaning hydration, permeability, and overall efficiency.
Videos

Moleaer Science Lab:
Watch Nanobubbles in Action

Seeing the Unseen with Light

Nanobubbles are too small to see with the naked eye, so how can we prove they’re really there? Using a green laser, we can reveal their presence.

Watch as nanobubbles scatter the light to create a visible and vibrant glow, providing visible evidence of their presence.

Seeing Unseen

Catalyzing Chemical Reactions

Nanobubbles don’t just stay suspended in water – they influence molecular interactions. They actively catalyze key physical, chemical and biological reactions.

Watch how they prevent the hazy reaction (gas release) when mixed with salts.

Fizzy Mocktail

Suspending Gas for Longer

A defining property of nanobubbles is their ability to keep gas suspended in a liquid. Their high surface area and stability help retain gas much longer, making them ideal for applications like oxygen transfer in water treatment.

Watch how nanobubble water maintains dissolved gases for a longer period of time.

Sparkling Cocktail

Reducing Surface Tension

Nanobubbles reduce surface and interfacial tension of water, enabling liquids to mix more efficiently.

Watch as the blue dye spreads farther and faster in nanobubble water, showing how nanobubbles improve processes like dispersions.

Blue Dye Cover

Measuring Nanobubbles

Nanobubbles are measured by their size, concentration and charge. A Malvern Nanosight uses Brownian motion to track their size, while a Zeta Potential Analyzer measures their charge. In clean water, air nanobubbles typically carry a charge between –15 and –30 millivolts.

Watch the video to see how nanobubbles are analyzed at the nanoscale.

Nanosight Moleaer Lab

Why Nanobubbles Stay Suspended

Unlike larger bubbles that rise and burst, nanobubbles remain suspended in liquid. Their nanoscale size makes them neutrally buoyant, with Brownian Motion counteracting the force of buoyancy – just like dust particles drifting in the air. This unique behavior is key to their powerful benefits.

Watch to see how Brownian motion keeps nanobubbles in suspension at the nanoscale.

Nanobubbles vs Aeration
Benefits

The Proven Benefits of
Moleaer Nanobubbles

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Artboard 17 - Light Blue-100
Separation
Scouring
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Ultra-Efficient Gas Transfer

Moleaer nanobubbles deliver >85% oxygen transfer efficiency in just 2 feet of water, far surpassing conventional methods. This enables dissolved oxygen levels to increase while using far less oxygen (and energy) than other aeration methods. Moleaer Nanobubble Technology dissolves gas efficiently and produces a high concentration of nanobubbles.
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Water Treatment and Oxidation

Nanobubbles help mitigate contaminants naturally, without chemicals. They accelerate microbial biodegradation, enhance UV treatment, and boost aerobic processes – helping reduce pathogens, algae blooms, and unpleasant odors while improving water quality.
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Physical Separation

Nanobubbles naturally adhere to suspended, colloidal, and emulsified materials, causing them to clump together making it easy to remove oil, fine particulates, and solids through filtration or flotation. Nanobubbles been used to improve physical separation processes to remove fats, oils & grease (FOG), surfactants, solids, colloids, and fine particles.
CheckCircle-1

Surface Scouring

Nanobubbles prevent biofilm and scale buildup in aqueous environments. They help remove contaminants from surfaces and can reduce the use of harsh cleaning chemicals. The scouring effect of nanobubbles removes biofilms and prevents biofilm growth on a variety of surfaces including drip lines, pipes, food preparation surfaces, filtration systems, etc., which are found in produce washing, irrigation, cooling towers, food & beverage facilities, and many other industrial and commercial environments.

WHAT WE DO

Neo nanobubble generator on day tank in greenhouse
Lotus nanobubble generator on tank
Titan container at Irrigation Reservoir
Kingfisher and Clear nanobubble generators at Lakeville, MN - Ben Utecht Pond-min
Trinity nanobubble generator in aquaculture
Clear Installation - Homeowner Lake-min
Indalo on irrigation reservoir
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Setting the Standard in
Nanobubble Technology

As pioneers in the commercial application of nanobubbles, Moleaer goes beyond nanobubble generation. We focus on how nanobubbles are applied in real systems. Our world-class R&D team combines scientific expertise with deep process knowledge to develop solutions tailored to each operating environment. By designing for real-world conditions, we help customers improve efficiency, productivity, and system performance across a wide range of industries.

OUR IMPACT

Leading the Way in Nanobubble Innovation

With a decade of experience and thousands of installations worldwide, Moleaer nanobubble solutions have demonstrated consistent performance across a wide range of applications. These outcomes reflect how nanobubbles perform in real systems over time.

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>10

10+ years of nanobubble research and field experience

16

16 patents and patent applications

8

8 PhDs dedicated to advancing nanobubble research

4000

4000 global installations of patented nanobubble generators

<200nm

Moleaer nanobubbles are <200 nanometers in size

10000x

Moleaer nanobubbles are 10,000x smaller than a strand of hair

About Us

Nanosight Moleaer Lab

Science-Led, Independently Validated

Moleaer’s technology is grounded in rigorous science and supported by collaboration with leading universities and research institutions. Our approach has been independently evaluated by third-party experts:

  • UCLA, Professor Michael Stenstrom: "Moleaer’s nanobubble generators offer the highest oxygen transfer efficiency of any aeration technology I’ve tested." 

  • University of Maine: Demonstrated that Moleaer nanobubbles clean surfaces 2.4x more effectively than tap water. 

Nanobubble size and concentration are independently verified using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), the industry standard for nano-scale characterization. Moleaer owns and operates multiple NS300 Nanosight systems as part of our in-house laboratory to support routine validation, quality control, and ongoing research.

Moleaer's Research Partners
UCLA
ASU
Wageningen
Virginia Tech
University of Maine
UC Irvine
University of Georgia
New Mexico State University
Delphy Research Institute
LandLab
University of Northern British Columbia
University of Massachusetts
Aster Bio
Volcani Research Center
NovaCropControl
Cajamar
Malvern Panalytical
Agrocolor
Corteva
Tecnova
Proefstation
Avium
Gama
Inia
categories

Real-World Applications for Moleaer Nanobubbles

Salmon in hatchery Tank

Aquaculture

Optimizing Fish Health and Growth:
Nanobubbles enhance oxygenation, promote healthier fish, and accelerate growth in aquaculture systems.

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Agriculture

Maximizing Water Efficiency:
Nanobubbles improve water penetration and nutrient delivery, leading to healthier crops and better yields with less water.

car wash industry

Car Washes

Elevating Cleaning Efficiency:
Nanobubbles provide superior cleaning power, reducing water usage while delivering a spotless, eco-friendly wash.

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Food & Beverage

Enhancing Quality and Shelf Life:
Nanobubbles reduce microbes, extend shelf life, and improve product consistency for food and beverage processing.

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Lakes & Other Waterbodies

Restoring Water Quality:
Nanobubbles increase dissolved oxygen and ORP levels to mitigate algal blooms and muck while restoring balance in lakes and ponds for cleaner, healthier environments.

Gravel mining aerial

Natural Resource Recovery

Enhancing Sustainability and Efficiency:
Nanobubbles improve separation, reduce chemical use and boost oil output from existing wells, helping industries recover valuable resources while reducing waste and operational costs.

iStock-122927090

Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater Process Intensification:
Nanobubbles improve separation processes, protect biological processes and increase biological treatment efficiency to support sustainable wastewater treatment.

Resource Hub

Expand Your Nanobubble Knowledge

Unlocking the Power & Wonder of Nanobubbles

Read our blog to dive into the world of nanobubbles and their applications across industries.

Visit Our Resource Center

Browse Moleaer's Resource Center for a wealth of information, including nanobubble insights, industry resources, eBooks, and research studies.

Explore Case Studies

Curious about the impact of Moleaer's technology in your industry? Discover real-world results and success stories on our case studies page, where data meets innovation.

FAQ

Answers to Frequently Asked Questions

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Still have questions?

For assistance, please visit our Contact Us page. Our dedicated team is ready to help you on your nanobubble journey.

What are Nano-Bubbles?
Nanobubbles are generated by an ultrafine bubble generator. These extremely small gas bubbles are one of the most effective methods of improving water chemistry and quality. Due to their size, nanobubbles exhibit unique properties that improve numerous physical, chemical, and biological processes.
What is Dissolved Oxygen?
Dissolved oxygen is a measure of how much oxygen is present within a body of water. This is important because water bodies and crops rely on a certain amount of available oxygen to thrive. Dissolved oxygen is one of several ways to assess the quality of the water. Using an ultrafine bubble generator can add more oxygen when levels are too low.
What are Other Water Treatment Applications for Nano-bubbles?
These ultra-fine bubbles also aid the following industries.

Wastewater treatment: Nanobubble technology is an innovative tool for wastewater treatment, improving treatment efficiency, reducing energy use, allowing better performance of existing aeration systems, and producing lower biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).

Lakes and ponds: Nanobubbles are a sustainable tool for lake managers and owners to improve water quality and give their bodies of water a fighting chance against unwanted algae, muck, and foul odors.

Agriculture and horticulture: This technology plays a vital role in irrigation water quality for healthier, more resilient crops. Higher-quality irrigation water allows crops to absorb more nutrients and reduces the risk of diseases that lead to crop loss. Growers can maximize food production and plant growth while reducing chemical applications.

Aquaculture: Nanobubbles are highly efficient at increasing dissolved oxygen levels for healthy fish growth while lowering energy and chemical costs. In addition to increasing DO, nanobubbles suppress pathogens and reduce sea lice treatments for many farmers.

Oil and gas: Nanobubble technology is a chemical-free way to improve EOR, oil-water separation, sour water treatment, and more. As oil companies need new, sustainable ways to maintain water quality, many are turning to nanobubbles as a long-lasting solution.

Mining: Nanobubbles can also be a significant asset to mining companies. The separation method the bubbles use allows sludge and muddy water to detach from key minerals. By inserting nanobubbles deep in the excavation site, miners can also reach further into the earth than they would be able to with traditional methods.
Do Nanobubbles Work in Swimming Pools?
An ultrafine bubble generator does not directly improve the water quality in a swimming pool. These machines are designed to be used for larger applications over time. As such, we do not recommend this technology for residential purposes. However, nanobubbles can treat water that may coincidentally be used in a pool later.
Why are Nano-bubbles More Sustainable Than Other Methods?
There are dozens of other commonly used methods for improving water quality. Many of these techniques falsely claim to offer sustainable solutions. Nanobubbles are one of the few options that truly commit to both short-term and long-term sustainability.

A Chemical-Free Tool
Nanobubbles are completely chemical-free and in many industries help to reduce the use of chemicals. For instance, in horticulture, growers can reduce their use of chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers after deploying nanobubble generators in their grow operations.

Additionally, wastewater treatment facilities can improve the efficiency of their processes by nanobubble surfactant removal, without having to use or increase the use of harsh chemicals that would go to aquatic systems in the effluent water. The lack of chemical treatment makes the process safer for all parties involved.

Improves Water Quality and the Environment
In addition to reducing chemical properties in specific industries, a nanobubble system can also have a profound effect on the environment. Global temperatures are rising, leading to the depletion of oxygen levels in water and a deterioration of water quality. The world’s health and industrial productivity are adversely affected by poor water quality.

Industries require sustainable solutions that enable increases in output without jeopardizing our environment. New technology solutions like nanobubble technology are paramount to providing an expanding population with food, water, and commodities necessary to support this growth.
What Makes Moleaer the Best Option for Improving Water Quality?
A Moleaer ultrafine bubble generator is a necessity for any industry requiring a high-quality water supply. We provide a chemical-free, sustainable method of tackling some of the world’s most important water quality challenges. Our solutions result in over 85% gas transfer efficiency and supersaturate the water with nanobubbles.

Our company has a highly knowledgeable and skilled Research and Development team that continually researches nanobubble science and expands our technology into new applications. We sort through thousands of scientific articles and journals to find the most accurate information related to water treatment processes and do our own research using the results of those findings. Our goal is to always provide the best products in terms of efficiency, safety, sustainability, and price.
Where Can I Learn More?
At Moleaer, we love staying up to date on new knowledge and providing our clients with the best tools to educate themselves. Here is where you can access our vast pool of information.

Visit Our Resource Center
Our resource center is a collection of data pulled from the most credible publications. We utilize the most reliable water research, including recent developments from the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, the Separation and Purification Technology publication, and other reputable sources in various fields of environmental science and environmental engineering.

All of this information is available for free right on our website. We encourage everyone to learn about water treatment solutions for their industry to understand why Moleaer technology is the best option for various applications.

Browse Our Blog
In our blog, we cover an array of topics for industry applications of nanobubble technology to give you the science behind what we do. We transform complicated research studies into a format that most readers of any education level can understand. Learn everything you need to know from how nanobubbles suppress pathogens to how they improve soil health to how they can be utilized in your industry.

View Our Social Media
Are you looking for frequent research updates in smaller, more digestible chunks? Consider following us on social media. We post educational content on LinkedIn and YouTube!

Do you have a question about our technology or its applications? Connect with one of our experts or submit a support ticket if you are having trouble with our product.
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Request Your Consultation Today

Discover how nanobubble technology can improve efficiency and sustainability in your specific operation. Schedule a consultation with our technical experts to discuss your requirements and explore tailored solutions.